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Holidays like Columbus Day are celebrated as Día de la Raza (Day of the People) in many countries in Latin America, Día de las Culturas (Day of the Cultures) in Costa Rica, Discovery Day in the Bahamas, Hispanic Day in Spain, and the newly-renamed (as of 2002) Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance) in Venezuela, commemorate the same event.

The date in 1492 that Christopher Columbus landed on Haiti, December 5, is also called Discovery Day. It is celebrated all throughout the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic).

Opposition to the holiday cites the fact that the arrival of Columbus in America was a positive experience for Europeans only. For indigenous people, Columbus directly (with his murderous policies towards the Taino (Arawak) Indians on the island of Hispainola) and indirectly brought about the demise of their history and culture. An estimated 85% of the Indian population was wiped out within 150 years of Columbus' arrival in America. This decimation was largely due to diseases such as smallpox, which were both accidentally and deliberately spread among American Indian populations, as well as genocide and the seizing of land and material wealth by European colonists

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